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327 nouns · 7 cases · plural · possessives

Turkish Noun Declension

Turkish marks the role of a noun with suffixes instead of prepositions: ev “house”, eve “to the house”,evde “in the house”, evden “from the house”. Pick any of 327 common nouns below to see every case in the singular and plural, the possessive forms, example sentences and the mistakes learners make most often.

The seven cases at a glance

Suffix vowels follow vowel harmony; capital letters in the pattern change with the word (D = d/t, A = a/e, I = ı/i/u/ü). Read the full guide to Turkish noun cases.

CaseAnswersevkitapkapı
NominativeYalın hâl · no endingsubject, dictionary formevkitapkapı
AccusativeBelirtme hâli · -(y)Iwhich one? (definite object)evikitabıkapıyı
DativeYönelme hâli · -(y)Awhere to? to whom?evekitabakapıya
LocativeBulunma hâli · -DAwhere? when?evdekitaptakapıda
AblativeAyrılma hâli · -DAnwhere from? why?evdenkitaptankapıdan
Genitiveİlgi hâli · -(n)Inwhose? of what?evinkitabınkapının
InstrumentalVasıta hâli · -(y)lAwith what? how?evlekitaplakapıyla

Nouns that change their stem

Softening (76)

Final p, ç, t, k become b, c, d, ğ before a vowel.

The rule

Vowel drop (24)

The second vowel falls out before a vowel suffix.

The rule

Front-harmony loanwords (10)

Back last vowel, but front suffixes (e, i, ü).

The rule

Doubling (3)

An Arabic double consonant reappears before a vowel.

The rule

All 327 nouns

Nouns whose stem changes show their object form in green (kitap → kitabı). Search works with or without Turkish letters.

Showing all 327 nouns.

Want to analyse a form that isn’t listed? Paste it into the suffix deconstructor, or check any word in thevowel harmony calculator. For verbs, use the verb conjugator.

Frequently asked questions

How many cases does Turkish have?

Turkish has seven cases: nominative (no ending), accusative (-ı), dative (-a), locative (-da), ablative (-dan), genitive (-ın) and instrumental (-la). The suffix vowels change with vowel harmony and the first consonant can change too, so ev becomes evi, eve, evde, evden, evin, evle.

In what order do Turkish noun suffixes go?

Root, then plural, then possessive, then case: kitap → kitaplar → kitaplarım → kitaplarımda ("in my books"). Every page here lists the singular and plural cases plus the possessive forms for each person.

How do I know if a Turkish noun softens its last consonant?

Most nouns of two or more syllables ending in p, ç, t or k soften before a vowel (kitabı, ağacı, çocuğu), while most one-syllable nouns do not (topu, saçı, sütü). There are exceptions in both directions, such as renk → rengi and saat → saati, so use the softening filter above to see the nouns that change.

Which Turkish nouns are irregular?

Truly irregular nouns are rare: su (water) uses suy- before vowels (suyu, suyun) and ne (what) gives neyi, neye. Other surprises follow small rules: vowel drop (şehir → şehre), consonant doubling (hak → hakkı) and loanwords with front harmony (saat → saatler).

Is the accusative the same as the possessive?

After a consonant they look the same: evi can mean "the house" (object) or "his/her house", and evin can mean "of the house" or "your house". After a vowel they differ: kapıyı (the door, object) vs kapısı (his/her door).

Practice noun cases in the App

Make the seven cases automatic

Practice noun cases, possessives and plurals with short drills, native-style audio and spaced repetition in the TurkLogic app.

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