Top Declension: Turkish Cases of 'ball'
top means “ball”. Its last vowel is o, so 2-way suffixes use a (toplar) and 4-way suffixes use u (topun). It is a regular noun: suffixes attach directly to top, as in topu and topta.
Quick facts
- Plural
- toplar
- balls
- Harmony
- Back rounded
- suffix vowels a / u
- Ends in
- a consonant
- suffixes attach directly
- Object form
- topu
- accusative, “the ball”
Rules this noun follows
- Consonant hardening — After f, s, t, k, ç, ş, h, p a suffix-initial d becomes t (and c becomes ç).topta, toptan
- Linking vowel — A harmonised vowel is inserted after a consonant (kitab-ı-m).topum, topun
- Pronominal n — After a 3rd-person possessive, case suffixes take n (arabası-n-ı, evi-n-de).topunu, topunda
Top in all seven cases
The added suffix is highlighted. Plural forms put -lar before the case ending.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| NominativeYalın hâl · no ending | topball | toplarballs |
| AccusativeBelirtme hâli · -(y)I | toputhe ball (object) | toplarıthe balls (object) |
| DativeYönelme hâli · -(y)A | topato the ball | toplarato the balls |
| LocativeBulunma hâli · -DA | toptain / at the ball | toplardain / at the balls |
| AblativeAyrılma hâli · -DAn | toptanfrom the ball | toplardanfrom the balls |
| Genitiveİlgi hâli · -(n)In | topunthe ball's / of the ball | toplarınthe balls's / of the balls |
| InstrumentalVasıta hâli · -(y)lA | toplawith the ball | toplarlawith the balls |
Possessive forms: “my ball”, “your ball”…
The possessive suffix comes first, then the case. After the 3rd-person forms a case ending takes an extra n (topunda). See possessive suffixes.
| Owner | Nominative | Accusative | Dative | Locative | Ablative |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| benimmy | topummy ball | topumumy ball (object) | topumato my ball | topumdain / at my ball | topumdanfrom my ball |
| seninyour | topunyour ball | topunuyour ball (object) | topunato your ball | topundain / at your ball | topundanfrom your ball |
| onunhis/her/its | topuhis/her ball | topunuhis/her ball (object) | topunato his/her ball | topundain / at his/her ball | topundanfrom his/her ball |
| bizimour | topumuzour ball | topumuzuour ball (object) | topumuzato our ball | topumuzdain / at our ball | topumuzdanfrom our ball |
| sizinyour (pl.) | topunuzyour (pl.) ball | topunuzuyour (pl.) ball (object) | topunuzato your (pl.) ball | topunuzdain / at your (pl.) ball | topunuzdanfrom your (pl.) ball |
| onlarıntheir | toplarıtheir balls | toplarınıtheir balls (object) | toplarınato their balls | toplarındain / at their balls | toplarındanfrom their balls |
Plural + possessive: toplarım (my balls) · topların (your balls) · topları (his/her balls) · toplarımız (our balls) · toplarınız (your (pl.) balls) · topları (their balls)
Top in example sentences
Watch out with top
- This p does not soften. Unlike kitap → kitabı, top keeps its p: topu, topa (not
*tobu). Most one-syllable nouns behave this way. Rule → - Locative with t, not d. After a voiceless consonant the locative and ablative start with t: topta, toptan (not
*topda). Rule → - Two meanings of topun. topun is both "of the ball" (genitive) and "your ball" (possessive). topu is likewise both the object form and "his/her ball". Rule →
Related nouns and resources
Related nouns: everyday objects
- bilgisayar computer
- çanta bag
- defter notebook
- fotoğraf photo
- gazete newspaper
- hediye gift
- kâğıt paper
- kalem pen
- kitap book
- para money
Other back-vowel A1 nouns
Questions about top
What is the plural of top?
The plural of top ("ball") is toplar. The plural suffix follows 2-way vowel harmony: the last vowel of top is o, a back vowel, so it takes -lar. The plural then takes case endings: topları, toplarda, toplardan.
How do you say "to the ball" in Turkish?
"To the ball" is topa, the dative case (-a). Similarly, "in / at the ball" is topta (locative) and "from the ball" is toptan (ablative).
How do you say "my ball" in Turkish?
"My ball" is topum (often with the pronoun: benim topum). "Your ball" is topun, "his/her ball" is topu and "my balls" is toplarım.
Drill Turkish noun cases in the TurkLogic app
Turn forms like topu, topa and topum into quick quizzes with audio and spaced repetition.
Free Download • In-App Purchases