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Turkish Verb Conjugation: 247 Common Verbs in Every Tense

Full conjugation tables for the 247 verbs learners meet most often, from A1 basics like gelmek to B2 verbs like reddetmek. Every page shows all 10 tenses with negatives and questions, English meanings, audio, example sentences and the mistakes learners make with that verb.

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Level
Order

247 verbs

A

B

C

Ç

D

E

G

H

İ

K

M

N

O

Ö

P

R

S

Ş

T

U

Ü

V

Y

Z

How Turkish verb conjugation works

A Turkish verb is a stem plus a chain of suffixes in a fixed order. Drop -mek or -mak from the infinitive to get the stem (gelmek → gel-), then add, in this order: an optional negative -mA-, a tense or mood marker, and a personal ending.gel + me + di + m gives gelmedim, “I didn't come”. Questions use the separate particlemi, which usually carries the personal ending: geliyor musun?

Every suffix vowel obeys vowel harmony: two-way suffixes alternate e/a (gelecek, yapacak) and four-way suffixes i/ı/u/ü (geliyor, yapıyor, okuyor, görüyor). That is why each verb page lists the stem's harmony type.

The few real irregularities are predictable once you know them: the aorist takes -r after vowels, -Ar after most one-syllable stems and -Ir after longer stems — except for 13 one-syllable verbs that take -Ir (almak, bilmek, bulmak, durmak, gelmek, görmek, kalmak, olmak, ölmek, sanmak, varmak, vermek, vurmak). A handful of verbs soften t to d before vowels (gitmek → gidiyorum, see the ketçap rule), and yemek and demek raise their vowel before y (yiyorum, diyorum).

The 10 tenses at a glance (with gelmek)

TenseMarkerExample
Present ContinuousŞimdiki Zaman-(I)yorgeliyorum
Definite PastGörülen Geçmiş Zaman-DIgeldim
Reported PastÖğrenilen Geçmiş Zaman-mIşgelmişim
FutureGelecek Zaman-(y)AcAkgeleceğim
Aorist (Simple Present)Geniş Zaman-r / -Ar / -Ir (neg. -mAz)gelirim
NecessitativeGereklilik Kipi-mAlIgelmeliyim
ConditionalDilek-Şart Kipi-sAgelsem
Imperative & OptativeEmir ve İstek KipiØ / -sIn / -(y)In; -(y)AyIm / -(y)AlImgel
Ability (can)Yeterlilik-(y)Abil- + aorist (neg. -(y)AmA-)gelebilirim
Past ContinuousŞimdiki Zamanın Hikâyesi-(I)yordugeliyordum

Want to conjugate a verb that isn't listed, or see the suffixes colour-coded? Use the interactive verb conjugator, or learn the verbs in context with our top 100 Turkish verbs with sentences.

Frequently asked questions

How many tenses does Turkish have?

Textbooks usually teach 10 core tenses and moods: present continuous (-iyor), definite past (-di), reported past (-miş), future (-ecek), aorist (-r/-er/-ir), necessitative (-meli), conditional (-se), imperative/optative, ability (-ebil) and past continuous (-iyordu). Each has positive, negative, question and negative-question forms, and they can be combined into compound tenses such as -ecekti or -mişti.

What are the most common Turkish verbs?

By frequency the top ten are olmak, etmek, yapmak, demek, gelmek, gitmek, vermek, almak, bilmek, görmek. Olmak (to be, to become) and etmek (to do) top the list because they form hundreds of compound verbs such as mezun olmak and yardım etmek.

Which Turkish verbs are irregular?

Turkish verbs are almost entirely regular. The main exceptions are the 13 one-syllable verbs that take -ir instead of -er in the aorist (almak, bilmek, bulmak, durmak, gelmek, görmek, kalmak, olmak, ölmek, sanmak, varmak, vermek, vurmak), the t → d softening of gitmek, etmek and tatmak (gidiyorum, ediyorum), and the vowel raising of yemek and demek (yiyorum, diyorum).

How do I conjugate a verb that is not on this list?

Use the free Turkish verb conjugator: type any infinitive ending in -mek or -mak and it builds all tenses with a suffix-by-suffix breakdown, applying vowel harmony and the aorist rules automatically.

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