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Turkish Dative Case (-e / -a): Direction, Motion & Destination

Use the Turkish dative -(y)e/-(y)a for to, towards and for: harmony, buffer y and softening tables, bana/sana, 15 dative verbs, mistakes and an exercise.

By TurkLogic Editorial TeamPublished Updated 6 min read

The dative case (yönelme hâli) marks the direction or target of an action. It answers nereye? (where to?), kime? (to whom?) and neye? (to what?), and translates English “to”, “towards”, “into” and sometimes “for” or “at”. It is the opposite of the ablative (“from”) and the partner of the locative (“at”):

  • Okuldan eve gidiyorum. — I’m going home from school.
  • Evdeyim. — I’m at home.

For the full set of cases, see the noun cases overview.

Forming the dative

The suffix is -(y)a / -(y)e. Its vowel follows two-way vowel harmony, and after a vowel the buffer letter y is inserted.

Last vowel After a consonant After a vowel
e, i, ö, ü -e -ye
a, ı, o, u -a -ya
Noun Dative Meaning
ev eve (to) home
okul okula to school
göl göle to the lake
sinema sinemaya to the cinema
kedi kediye to the cat
İzmir İzmir’e to İzmir
Ankara Ankara’ya to Ankara

Consonant softening

Since the suffix starts with a vowel, many words ending in p, ç, t, k soften (see consonant mutation):

Noun Dative
kitap (book) kitaba
ağaç (tree) ağaca
sokak (street) sokağa
köpek (dog) köpeğe
yurt (homeland) yurda

Proper names do not soften in writing: Mehmet’e, Zonguldak’a.

Pronouns and possessed nouns

Base Dative Note
ben bana irregular
sen sana irregular
o ona buffer n
biz / siz / onlar bize / size / onlara
bu / şu buna / şuna
kim? ne? nere? kime? neye? nereye?
evi (his house) evine pronominal n
annem (my mother) anneme

Uses of the dative

1. Direction and destination

  • Okula gidiyorum. — I’m going to school.
  • Eve geldim. — I came home.
  • Yarın İzmir’e gidiyoruz. — We’re going to İzmir tomorrow.
  • Nereye gidiyorsun? — Where are you going?
  • Çantayı masaya koydum. — I put the bag on the table.
  • Kedi ağaca tırmandı. — The cat climbed the tree.

Note that eve on its own already means “home”: Eve gidiyorum (I’m going home). Use evime only to stress “my” house.

2. Recipient: to or for someone

  • Kediye süt verdim. — I gave the cat some milk.
  • Anneme bir mektup yazdım. — I wrote a letter to my mother.
  • Arkadaşıma bir hediye aldım. — I bought a present for my friend.
  • Sana bir şey söyleyeceğim. — I’m going to tell you something.

3. Purpose with a verbal noun

The dative on a verbal noun (-me/-ma, see verbal nouns) shows purpose or the start of an activity:

  • Türkçe öğrenmeye başladım. — I started learning Turkish.
  • Yüzmeye gidelim mi? — Shall we go swimming?
  • Alışverişe gittik. — We went shopping.

4. Price: “for how much”

  • Bu ceketi kaça aldın? — How much did you buy this jacket for?
  • Yüz liraya aldım. — I got it for a hundred lira.

5. Time and limits

  • Saat beşe kadar çalışıyorum. — I work until five o’clock.
  • Saat üçe on var. — It’s ten to three.
  • Raporu yarına kadar bitirmem lazım. — I need to finish the report by tomorrow.

6. With postpositions

Several postpositions follow the dative: -e kadar (until, as far as), -e göre (according to), -e doğru (towards), -e karşı (against), -e rağmen (despite), -e yakın (close to).

  • Bana göre bu fikir çok iyi. — In my opinion, this idea is very good.
  • Ev denize çok yakın. — The house is very close to the sea.

Verbs that take the dative

These verbs need the dative where English uses a direct object or another preposition:

Verb Meaning Example
bakmak to look at Fotoğrafa bakıyorum. — I’m looking at the photo.
başlamak to start Yeni işe başladım. — I started a new job.
binmek to get on, ride Otobüse biniyorum. — I’m getting on the bus.
girmek to enter Odaya girdi. — She entered the room.
yardım etmek to help Arkadaşıma yardım ediyorum. — I’m helping my friend.
inanmak to believe Sana inanıyorum. — I believe you.
güvenmek to trust Ona güvenmiyorum. — I don’t trust him.
benzemek to resemble Babana çok benziyorsun. — You look a lot like your father.
alışmak to get used to İstanbul’a alıştım. — I’ve got used to Istanbul.
kızmak to be angry with Bana kızma! — Don’t be angry with me!
telefon etmek to phone Doktora telefon ettim. — I phoned the doctor.
teşekkür etmek to thank Herkese teşekkür ederim. — I thank everyone.
katılmak to join, agree with Sana katılıyorum. — I agree with you.
dikkat etmek to pay attention to Trafiğe dikkat et. — Watch out for the traffic.

Sormak (to ask) marks the person asked with the dative and the question with the accusative: Bunu öğretmene sordum (I asked the teacher this).

Questions with the dative

  • Nereye gidiyorsun? — Where are you going?
  • Kime yazıyorsun? — Who are you writing to?
  • Neye bakıyorsun? — What are you looking at?
  • Saat kaça kadar açıksınız? — Until what time are you open?

Short dialogue

  • Yolcu: Merhaba, Taksim’e gidebilir miyiz? — Hello, can we go to Taksim?
  • Şoför: Tabii. Taksim’in neresine? — Sure. Where in Taksim?
  • Yolcu: Meydana yakın bir otele. Adresi size göstereyim. — To a hotel near the square. Let me show you the address.
  • Şoför: Tamam. Trafik var, yarım saatte varırız. — OK. There’s traffic, we’ll get there in half an hour.
  • Yolcu: Valizimi bagaja koyabilir misiniz? — Could you put my suitcase in the boot?

Count the datives: Taksim’e, neresine, meydana, otele, size, bagaja.

Common mistakes

  1. No buffer after a vowel: Ankara’a, sinemaa → Ankara’ya, sinemaya.
  2. No softening: kitapa, sokaka → kitaba, sokağa.
  3. Regular forms of ben/sen: bene, sene → bana, sana.
  4. Accusative instead of dative: Otobüsü bindim, Seni yardım ediyorum → Otobüse bindim, Sana yardım ediyorum.
  5. Locative for motion: Evde gidiyorum → Eve gidiyorum.
  6. Wrong harmony on names: Mehmet’a → Mehmet’e (last vowel e).

Mini-exercise

Add the dative ending.

  1. Yarın (Antalya) gidiyorum. → ?
  2. Bu akşam (sen) telefon ederim. → ?
  3. Lütfen (ben) bakın. → ?
  4. Çocuk (köpek) korkmadan yaklaştı. → ?
  5. Saat (dokuz) kadar bekledim. → ?
  6. (Annesi) bir çiçek aldı. → ?

Answers: 1. Antalya’ya 2. sana 3. bana 4. köpeğe 5. dokuza 6. Annesine

Practice this

Check endings with the harmony calculator, then compare this page with the accusative case to see which verbs take which.

Knowledge Checkpoint

Test Your Understanding: Turkish Dative Case (-e / -a): Direction, Motion & Destination

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Question 1: How do you say 'to the school' if 'okul' means school?

Question 2: How do you say 'to the park' if 'park' means park?

Frequently asked questions

How do you say 'to' a place in Turkish?

Add the dative -e or -a to the place: okula (to school), eve (home), İstanbul'a (to Istanbul). After a vowel, add a buffer y: sinemaya, Ankara'ya.

Why is it bana and sana, not bene and sene?

Ben and sen have irregular dative forms: bana (to me) and sana (to you). The other pronouns are regular: ona, bize, size, onlara.

Which Turkish verbs take the dative case?

Common ones are bakmak (look at), başlamak (start), binmek (get on), yardım etmek (help), inanmak (believe), güvenmek (trust), benzemek (resemble), alışmak (get used to), kızmak (be angry with) and telefon etmek (phone).

How do you say 'until' with the dative?

Use the dative plus kadar: saat beşe kadar (until five o'clock), yarına kadar (until tomorrow), eve kadar (as far as the house).

Practice Dative Case in the App

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Practice Dative Case in Lesson 32 of the TurkLogic app

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