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CEFR A2Food & drinksoftening

Şarap Declension: Turkish Cases of 'wine'

şarap means “wine”. Its last vowel is a, so 2-way suffixes use a (şaraplar) and 4-way suffixes use ı (şarabın). Its final p softens to b before a vowel (şarabı, şaraba) but stays hard before a consonant (şarapta).

Quick facts

Plural
şaraplar
wines
Harmony
Back unrounded
suffix vowels a / ı
Ends in
a consonant
suffixes attach directly
Object form
şarabı
accusative, “the wine”

Rules this noun follows

  • Consonant softening — A final p, ç, t, k softens to b, c, d, ğ before a vowel.şarabı, şaraba, şarabım
  • Consonant hardening — After f, s, t, k, ç, ş, h, p a suffix-initial d becomes t (and c becomes ç).şarapta, şaraptan
  • Linking vowel — A harmonised vowel is inserted after a consonant (kitab-ı-m).şarabım, şarabın
  • Pronominal n — After a 3rd-person possessive, case suffixes take n (arabası-n-ı, evi-n-de).şarabını, şarabında

Şarap in all seven cases

The added suffix is highlighted. Plural forms put -lar before the case ending.

CaseSingularPlural
NominativeYalın hâl · no endingşarapwineşaraplarwines
AccusativeBelirtme hâli · -(y)Işarabıthe wine (object)şaraplarıthe wines (object)
DativeYönelme hâli · -(y)Aşarabato the wineşaraplarato the wines
LocativeBulunma hâli · -DAşaraptain / at the wineşaraplardain / at the wines
AblativeAyrılma hâli · -DAnşaraptanfrom the wineşaraplardanfrom the wines
Genitiveİlgi hâli · -(n)Inşarabınthe wine's / of the wineşaraplarınthe wines's / of the wines
InstrumentalVasıta hâli · -(y)lAşaraplawith the wineşaraplarlawith the wines

Possessive forms: “my wine”, “your wine”…

The possessive suffix comes first, then the case. After the 3rd-person forms a case ending takes an extra n (şarabında). See possessive suffixes.

OwnerNominativeAccusativeDativeLocativeAblative
benimmyşarabımmy wineşarabımımy wine (object)şarabımato my wineşarabımdain / at my wineşarabımdanfrom my wine
seninyourşarabınyour wineşarabınıyour wine (object)şarabınato your wineşarabındain / at your wineşarabındanfrom your wine
onunhis/her/itsşarabıhis/her wineşarabınıhis/her wine (object)şarabınato his/her wineşarabındain / at his/her wineşarabındanfrom his/her wine
bizimourşarabımızour wineşarabımızıour wine (object)şarabımızato our wineşarabımızdain / at our wineşarabımızdanfrom our wine
sizinyour (pl.)şarabınızyour (pl.) wineşarabınızıyour (pl.) wine (object)şarabınızato your (pl.) wineşarabınızdain / at your (pl.) wineşarabınızdanfrom your (pl.) wine
onlarıntheirşaraplarıtheir winesşaraplarınıtheir wines (object)şaraplarınato their winesşaraplarındain / at their winesşaraplarındanfrom their wines

Plural + possessive: şaraplarım (my wines) · şarapların (your wines) · şarapları (his/her wines) · şaraplarımız (our wines) · şaraplarınız (your (pl.) wines) · şarapları (their wines)

Şarap in example sentences

  • Şarabı serin ve karanlık bir yerde saklayın.

    Store the wine in a cool, dark place.

    Accusative case
  • Kapadokya şarabı çok ünlüdür.

    Cappadocian wine is very famous.

    Nominative case
  • Bu sirke şaraptan yapılıyor.

    This vinegar is made from wine.

    Ablative case

Watch out with şarap

  • Softening before vowels. Final p softens before a vowel: şarabı, şaraba, şarabım (not *şarapı). Before a consonant it stays hard: şarapta, şaraplar. Rule →
  • Locative with t, not d. After a voiceless consonant the locative and ablative start with t: şarapta, şaraptan (not *şarapda). Rule →
  • Two meanings of şarabın. şarabın is both "of the wine" (genitive) and "your wine" (possessive). şarabı is likewise both the object form and "his/her wine". Rule →

Related nouns and resources

Questions about şarap

What is the plural of şarap?

The plural of şarap ("wine") is şaraplar. The plural suffix follows 2-way vowel harmony: the last vowel of şarap is a, a back vowel, so it takes -lar. The plural then takes case endings: şarapları, şaraplarda, şaraplardan.

How do you say "to the wine" in Turkish?

"To the wine" is şaraba, the dative case (-a). Similarly, "in / at the wine" is şarapta (locative) and "from the wine" is şaraptan (ablative).

Why does şarap become şarabı?

Final p, ç, t and k soften to b, c, d and ğ (g after n) when a vowel follows. Şarap follows this rule, so the accusative is şarabı and "my wine" is şarabım. Before a consonant the hard letter stays: şarapta, şaraplar.

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