Armut Declension: Turkish Cases of 'pear'
armut means “pear”. Its last vowel is u, so 2-way suffixes use a (armutlar) and 4-way suffixes use u (armudun). Its final t softens to d before a vowel (armudu, armuda) but stays hard before a consonant (armutta).
Quick facts
- Plural
- armutlar
- pears
- Harmony
- Back rounded
- suffix vowels a / u
- Ends in
- a consonant
- suffixes attach directly
- Object form
- armudu
- accusative, “the pear”
Rules this noun follows
- Consonant softening — A final p, ç, t, k softens to b, c, d, ğ before a vowel.armudu, armuda, armudum
- Consonant hardening — After f, s, t, k, ç, ş, h, p a suffix-initial d becomes t (and c becomes ç).armutta, armuttan
- Linking vowel — A harmonised vowel is inserted after a consonant (kitab-ı-m).armudum, armudun
- Pronominal n — After a 3rd-person possessive, case suffixes take n (arabası-n-ı, evi-n-de).armudunu, armudunda
Armut in all seven cases
The added suffix is highlighted. Plural forms put -lar before the case ending.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| NominativeYalın hâl · no ending | armutpear | armutlarpears |
| AccusativeBelirtme hâli · -(y)I | armuduthe pear (object) | armutlarıthe pears (object) |
| DativeYönelme hâli · -(y)A | armudato the pear | armutlarato the pears |
| LocativeBulunma hâli · -DA | armuttain / at the pear | armutlardain / at the pears |
| AblativeAyrılma hâli · -DAn | armuttanfrom the pear | armutlardanfrom the pears |
| Genitiveİlgi hâli · -(n)In | armudunthe pear's / of the pear | armutlarınthe pears's / of the pears |
| InstrumentalVasıta hâli · -(y)lA | armutlawith the pear | armutlarlawith the pears |
Possessive forms: “my pear”, “your pear”…
The possessive suffix comes first, then the case. After the 3rd-person forms a case ending takes an extra n (armudunda). See possessive suffixes.
| Owner | Nominative | Accusative | Dative | Locative | Ablative |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| benimmy | armudummy pear | armudumumy pear (object) | armudumato my pear | armudumdain / at my pear | armudumdanfrom my pear |
| seninyour | armudunyour pear | armudunuyour pear (object) | armudunato your pear | armudundain / at your pear | armudundanfrom your pear |
| onunhis/her/its | armuduhis/her pear | armudunuhis/her pear (object) | armudunato his/her pear | armudundain / at his/her pear | armudundanfrom his/her pear |
| bizimour | armudumuzour pear | armudumuzuour pear (object) | armudumuzato our pear | armudumuzdain / at our pear | armudumuzdanfrom our pear |
| sizinyour (pl.) | armudunuzyour (pl.) pear | armudunuzuyour (pl.) pear (object) | armudunuzato your (pl.) pear | armudunuzdain / at your (pl.) pear | armudunuzdanfrom your (pl.) pear |
| onlarıntheir | armutlarıtheir pears | armutlarınıtheir pears (object) | armutlarınato their pears | armutlarındain / at their pears | armutlarındanfrom their pears |
Plural + possessive: armutlarım (my pears) · armutların (your pears) · armutları (his/her pears) · armutlarımız (our pears) · armutlarınız (your (pl.) pears) · armutları (their pears)
Armut in example sentences
Watch out with armut
- Softening before vowels. Final t softens before a vowel: armudu, armuda, armudum (not
*armutu). Before a consonant it stays hard: armutta, armutlar. Rule → - Locative with t, not d. After a voiceless consonant the locative and ablative start with t: armutta, armuttan (not
*armutda). Rule → - Two meanings of armudun. armudun is both "of the pear" (genitive) and "your pear" (possessive). armudu is likewise both the object form and "his/her pear". Rule →
Related nouns and resources
Related nouns: food & drink
Other nouns that soften
Questions about armut
What is the plural of armut?
The plural of armut ("pear") is armutlar. The plural suffix follows 2-way vowel harmony: the last vowel of armut is u, a back vowel, so it takes -lar. The plural then takes case endings: armutları, armutlarda, armutlardan.
How do you say "to the pear" in Turkish?
"To the pear" is armuda, the dative case (-a). Similarly, "in / at the pear" is armutta (locative) and "from the pear" is armuttan (ablative).
Why does armut become armudu?
Final p, ç, t and k soften to b, c, d and ğ (g after n) when a vowel follows. Armut follows this rule, so the accusative is armudu and "my pear" is armudum. Before a consonant the hard letter stays: armutta, armutlar.
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