Bardak Declension: Turkish Cases of 'glass'
bardak means “glass”. Its last vowel is a, so 2-way suffixes use a (bardaklar) and 4-way suffixes use ı (bardağın). Its final k softens to ğ before a vowel (bardağı, bardağa) but stays hard before a consonant (bardakta).
Quick facts
- Plural
- bardaklar
- glasses
- Harmony
- Back unrounded
- suffix vowels a / ı
- Ends in
- a consonant
- suffixes attach directly
- Object form
- bardağı
- accusative, “the glass”
Rules this noun follows
- Consonant softening — A final p, ç, t, k softens to b, c, d, ğ before a vowel.bardağı, bardağa, bardağım
- Consonant hardening — After f, s, t, k, ç, ş, h, p a suffix-initial d becomes t (and c becomes ç).bardakta, bardaktan
- Linking vowel — A harmonised vowel is inserted after a consonant (kitab-ı-m).bardağım, bardağın
- Pronominal n — After a 3rd-person possessive, case suffixes take n (arabası-n-ı, evi-n-de).bardağını, bardağında
Bardak in all seven cases
The added suffix is highlighted. Plural forms put -lar before the case ending.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| NominativeYalın hâl · no ending | bardakglass | bardaklarglasses |
| AccusativeBelirtme hâli · -(y)I | bardağıthe glass (object) | bardaklarıthe glasses (object) |
| DativeYönelme hâli · -(y)A | bardağato the glass | bardaklarato the glasses |
| LocativeBulunma hâli · -DA | bardaktain / at the glass | bardaklardain / at the glasses |
| AblativeAyrılma hâli · -DAn | bardaktanfrom the glass | bardaklardanfrom the glasses |
| Genitiveİlgi hâli · -(n)In | bardağınthe glass's / of the glass | bardaklarınthe glasses's / of the glasses |
| InstrumentalVasıta hâli · -(y)lA | bardaklawith the glass | bardaklarlawith the glasses |
Possessive forms: “my glass”, “your glass”…
The possessive suffix comes first, then the case. After the 3rd-person forms a case ending takes an extra n (bardağında). See possessive suffixes.
| Owner | Nominative | Accusative | Dative | Locative | Ablative |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| benimmy | bardağımmy glass | bardağımımy glass (object) | bardağımato my glass | bardağımdain / at my glass | bardağımdanfrom my glass |
| seninyour | bardağınyour glass | bardağınıyour glass (object) | bardağınato your glass | bardağındain / at your glass | bardağındanfrom your glass |
| onunhis/her/its | bardağıhis/her glass | bardağınıhis/her glass (object) | bardağınato his/her glass | bardağındain / at his/her glass | bardağındanfrom his/her glass |
| bizimour | bardağımızour glass | bardağımızıour glass (object) | bardağımızato our glass | bardağımızdain / at our glass | bardağımızdanfrom our glass |
| sizinyour (pl.) | bardağınızyour (pl.) glass | bardağınızıyour (pl.) glass (object) | bardağınızato your (pl.) glass | bardağınızdain / at your (pl.) glass | bardağınızdanfrom your (pl.) glass |
| onlarıntheir | bardaklarıtheir glasses | bardaklarınıtheir glasses (object) | bardaklarınato their glasses | bardaklarındain / at their glasses | bardaklarındanfrom their glasses |
Plural + possessive: bardaklarım (my glasses) · bardakların (your glasses) · bardakları (his/her glasses) · bardaklarımız (our glasses) · bardaklarınız (your (pl.) glasses) · bardakları (their glasses)
Bardak in example sentences
Watch out with bardak
- Softening before vowels. Final k softens before a vowel: bardağı, bardağa, bardağım (not
*bardakı). Before a consonant it stays hard: bardakta, bardaklar. Rule → - Locative with t, not d. After a voiceless consonant the locative and ablative start with t: bardakta, bardaktan (not
*bardakda). Rule → - Two meanings of bardağın. bardağın is both "of the glass" (genitive) and "your glass" (possessive). bardağı is likewise both the object form and "his/her glass". Rule →
Related nouns and resources
Related nouns: kitchen & tableware
Other nouns that soften
Questions about bardak
What is the plural of bardak?
The plural of bardak ("glass") is bardaklar. The plural suffix follows 2-way vowel harmony: the last vowel of bardak is a, a back vowel, so it takes -lar. The plural then takes case endings: bardakları, bardaklarda, bardaklardan.
How do you say "to the glass" in Turkish?
"To the glass" is bardağa, the dative case (-a). Similarly, "in / at the glass" is bardakta (locative) and "from the glass" is bardaktan (ablative).
Why does bardak become bardağı?
Final p, ç, t and k soften to b, c, d and ğ (g after n) when a vowel follows. Bardak follows this rule, so the accusative is bardağı and "my glass" is bardağım. Before a consonant the hard letter stays: bardakta, bardaklar.
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