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CEFR A1Kitchen & tablewaresoftening

Bıçak Declension: Turkish Cases of 'knife'

bıçak means “knife”. Its last vowel is a, so 2-way suffixes use a (bıçaklar) and 4-way suffixes use ı (bıçağın). Its final k softens to ğ before a vowel (bıçağı, bıçağa) but stays hard before a consonant (bıçakta).

Quick facts

Plural
bıçaklar
knives
Harmony
Back unrounded
suffix vowels a / ı
Ends in
a consonant
suffixes attach directly
Object form
bıçağı
accusative, “the knife”

Rules this noun follows

  • Consonant softening — A final p, ç, t, k softens to b, c, d, ğ before a vowel.bıçağı, bıçağa, bıçağım
  • Consonant hardening — After f, s, t, k, ç, ş, h, p a suffix-initial d becomes t (and c becomes ç).bıçakta, bıçaktan
  • Linking vowel — A harmonised vowel is inserted after a consonant (kitab-ı-m).bıçağım, bıçağın
  • Pronominal n — After a 3rd-person possessive, case suffixes take n (arabası-n-ı, evi-n-de).bıçağını, bıçağında

Bıçak in all seven cases

The added suffix is highlighted. Plural forms put -lar before the case ending.

CaseSingularPlural
NominativeYalın hâl · no endingbıçakknifebıçaklarknives
AccusativeBelirtme hâli · -(y)Ibıçağıthe knife (object)bıçaklarıthe knives (object)
DativeYönelme hâli · -(y)Abıçağato the knifebıçaklarato the knives
LocativeBulunma hâli · -DAbıçaktain / at the knifebıçaklardain / at the knives
AblativeAyrılma hâli · -DAnbıçaktanfrom the knifebıçaklardanfrom the knives
Genitiveİlgi hâli · -(n)Inbıçağınthe knife's / of the knifebıçaklarınthe knives's / of the knives
InstrumentalVasıta hâli · -(y)lAbıçaklawith the knifebıçaklarlawith the knives

Possessive forms: “my knife”, “your knife”…

The possessive suffix comes first, then the case. After the 3rd-person forms a case ending takes an extra n (bıçağında). See possessive suffixes.

OwnerNominativeAccusativeDativeLocativeAblative
benimmybıçağımmy knifebıçağımımy knife (object)bıçağımato my knifebıçağımdain / at my knifebıçağımdanfrom my knife
seninyourbıçağınyour knifebıçağınıyour knife (object)bıçağınato your knifebıçağındain / at your knifebıçağındanfrom your knife
onunhis/her/itsbıçağıhis/her knifebıçağınıhis/her knife (object)bıçağınato his/her knifebıçağındain / at his/her knifebıçağındanfrom his/her knife
bizimourbıçağımızour knifebıçağımızıour knife (object)bıçağımızato our knifebıçağımızdain / at our knifebıçağımızdanfrom our knife
sizinyour (pl.)bıçağınızyour (pl.) knifebıçağınızıyour (pl.) knife (object)bıçağınızato your (pl.) knifebıçağınızdain / at your (pl.) knifebıçağınızdanfrom your (pl.) knife
onlarıntheirbıçaklarıtheir knivesbıçaklarınıtheir knives (object)bıçaklarınato their knivesbıçaklarındain / at their knivesbıçaklarındanfrom their knives

Plural + possessive: bıçaklarım (my knives) · bıçakların (your knives) · bıçakları (his/her knives) · bıçaklarımız (our knives) · bıçaklarınız (your (pl.) knives) · bıçakları (their knives)

Bıçak in example sentences

  • Bıçağı dikkatli kullan, çok keskin.

    Use the knife carefully, it's very sharp.

    Accusative case
  • Ekmeği bu bıçakla kes.

    Cut the bread with this knife.

    Instrumental case
  • Çocuklar bıçaktan uzak durmalı.

    Children should stay away from knives.

    Ablative case

Watch out with bıçak

  • Softening before vowels. Final k softens before a vowel: bıçağı, bıçağa, bıçağım (not *bıçakı). Before a consonant it stays hard: bıçakta, bıçaklar. Rule →
  • Locative with t, not d. After a voiceless consonant the locative and ablative start with t: bıçakta, bıçaktan (not *bıçakda). Rule →
  • Two meanings of bıçağın. bıçağın is both "of the knife" (genitive) and "your knife" (possessive). bıçağı is likewise both the object form and "his/her knife". Rule →

Related nouns and resources

Questions about bıçak

What is the plural of bıçak?

The plural of bıçak ("knife") is bıçaklar. The plural suffix follows 2-way vowel harmony: the last vowel of bıçak is a, a back vowel, so it takes -lar. The plural then takes case endings: bıçakları, bıçaklarda, bıçaklardan.

How do you say "to the knife" in Turkish?

"To the knife" is bıçağa, the dative case (-a). Similarly, "in / at the knife" is bıçakta (locative) and "from the knife" is bıçaktan (ablative).

Why does bıçak become bıçağı?

Final p, ç, t and k soften to b, c, d and ğ (g after n) when a vowel follows. Bıçak follows this rule, so the accusative is bıçağı and "my knife" is bıçağım. Before a consonant the hard letter stays: bıçakta, bıçaklar.

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