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Şapka Declension: Turkish Cases of 'hat'

şapka means “hat”. Its last vowel is a, so 2-way suffixes use a (şapkalar) and 4-way suffixes use ı (şapkanın). Because it ends in a vowel, vowel-initial suffixes need a buffer letter: şapkayı, şapkanın, şapkası.

Quick facts

Plural
şapkalar
hats
Harmony
Back unrounded
suffix vowels a / ı
Ends in
a vowel
buffer letters y / n / s
Object form
şapkayı
accusative, “the hat”

Rules this noun follows

  • Buffer letter y — y separates two vowels (kapı-y-ı).şapkayı, şapkaya, şapkayla
  • Buffer letter n — n separates two vowels in the genitive (kapı-n-ın).şapkanın
  • Buffer letter s — s separates two vowels in the 3rd-person possessive (kapı-s-ı).şapkası
  • Pronominal n — After a 3rd-person possessive, case suffixes take n (arabası-n-ı, evi-n-de).şapkasını, şapkasında

Şapka in all seven cases

The added suffix is highlighted. Plural forms put -lar before the case ending.

CaseSingularPlural
NominativeYalın hâl · no endingşapkahatşapkalarhats
AccusativeBelirtme hâli · -(y)Işapkayıthe hat (object)şapkalarıthe hats (object)
DativeYönelme hâli · -(y)Aşapkayato the hatşapkalarato the hats
LocativeBulunma hâli · -DAşapkadain / at the hatşapkalardain / at the hats
AblativeAyrılma hâli · -DAnşapkadanfrom the hatşapkalardanfrom the hats
Genitiveİlgi hâli · -(n)Inşapkanınthe hat's / of the hatşapkalarınthe hats's / of the hats
InstrumentalVasıta hâli · -(y)lAşapkaylawith the hatşapkalarlawith the hats

Possessive forms: “my hat”, “your hat”…

The possessive suffix comes first, then the case. After the 3rd-person forms a case ending takes an extra n (şapkasında). See possessive suffixes.

OwnerNominativeAccusativeDativeLocativeAblative
benimmyşapkammy hatşapkamımy hat (object)şapkamato my hatşapkamdain / at my hatşapkamdanfrom my hat
seninyourşapkanyour hatşapkanıyour hat (object)şapkanato your hatşapkandain / at your hatşapkandanfrom your hat
onunhis/her/itsşapkasıhis/her hatşapkasınıhis/her hat (object)şapkasınato his/her hatşapkasındain / at his/her hatşapkasındanfrom his/her hat
bizimourşapkamızour hatşapkamızıour hat (object)şapkamızato our hatşapkamızdain / at our hatşapkamızdanfrom our hat
sizinyour (pl.)şapkanızyour (pl.) hatşapkanızıyour (pl.) hat (object)şapkanızato your (pl.) hatşapkanızdain / at your (pl.) hatşapkanızdanfrom your (pl.) hat
onlarıntheirşapkalarıtheir hatsşapkalarınıtheir hats (object)şapkalarınato their hatsşapkalarındain / at their hatsşapkalarındanfrom their hats

Plural + possessive: şapkalarım (my hats) · şapkaların (your hats) · şapkaları (his/her hats) · şapkalarımız (our hats) · şapkalarınız (your (pl.) hats) · şapkaları (their hats)

Şapka in example sentences

  • Güneşte şapkanı çıkarma.

    Don't take your hat off in the sun.

    Accusative case
  • Dedemin şapkası çok eski.

    My grandfather's hat is very old.

    Nominative case
  • Şapkayla daha genç görünüyorsun.

    You look younger with a hat on.

    Instrumental case

Watch out with şapka

  • Buffer letters after the final vowel. Vowel suffixes need a buffer: şapkayı (y), şapkanın (n), şapkası (s). After şapkası a case suffix adds n: şapkasında, not *şapkasıda. Rule →

Related nouns and resources

Questions about şapka

What is the plural of şapka?

The plural of şapka ("hat") is şapkalar. The plural suffix follows 2-way vowel harmony: the last vowel of şapka is a, a back vowel, so it takes -lar. The plural then takes case endings: şapkaları, şapkalarda, şapkalardan.

How do you say "to the hat" in Turkish?

"To the hat" is şapkaya, the dative case (-ya). Similarly, "in / at the hat" is şapkada (locative) and "from the hat" is şapkadan (ablative).

How do you say "my hat" in Turkish?

"My hat" is şapkam (often with the pronoun: benim şapkam). "Your hat" is şapkan, "his/her hat" is şapkası and "my hats" is şapkalarım.

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