Gömlek Declension: Turkish Cases of 'shirt'
gömlek means “shirt”. Its last vowel is e, so 2-way suffixes use e (gömlekler) and 4-way suffixes use i (gömleğin). Its final k softens to ğ before a vowel (gömleği, gömleğe) but stays hard before a consonant (gömlekte).
Quick facts
- Plural
- gömlekler
- shirts
- Harmony
- Front unrounded
- suffix vowels e / i
- Ends in
- a consonant
- suffixes attach directly
- Object form
- gömleği
- accusative, “the shirt”
Rules this noun follows
- Consonant softening — A final p, ç, t, k softens to b, c, d, ğ before a vowel.gömleği, gömleğe, gömleğim
- Consonant hardening — After f, s, t, k, ç, ş, h, p a suffix-initial d becomes t (and c becomes ç).gömlekte, gömlekten
- Linking vowel — A harmonised vowel is inserted after a consonant (kitab-ı-m).gömleğim, gömleğin
- Pronominal n — After a 3rd-person possessive, case suffixes take n (arabası-n-ı, evi-n-de).gömleğini, gömleğinde
Gömlek in all seven cases
The added suffix is highlighted. Plural forms put -ler before the case ending.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| NominativeYalın hâl · no ending | gömlekshirt | gömleklershirts |
| AccusativeBelirtme hâli · -(y)I | gömleğithe shirt (object) | gömleklerithe shirts (object) |
| DativeYönelme hâli · -(y)A | gömleğeto the shirt | gömleklereto the shirts |
| LocativeBulunma hâli · -DA | gömlektein / at the shirt | gömleklerdein / at the shirts |
| AblativeAyrılma hâli · -DAn | gömlektenfrom the shirt | gömleklerdenfrom the shirts |
| Genitiveİlgi hâli · -(n)In | gömleğinthe shirt's / of the shirt | gömleklerinthe shirts's / of the shirts |
| InstrumentalVasıta hâli · -(y)lA | gömleklewith the shirt | gömleklerlewith the shirts |
Possessive forms: “my shirt”, “your shirt”…
The possessive suffix comes first, then the case. After the 3rd-person forms a case ending takes an extra n (gömleğinde). See possessive suffixes.
| Owner | Nominative | Accusative | Dative | Locative | Ablative |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| benimmy | gömleğimmy shirt | gömleğimimy shirt (object) | gömleğimeto my shirt | gömleğimdein / at my shirt | gömleğimdenfrom my shirt |
| seninyour | gömleğinyour shirt | gömleğiniyour shirt (object) | gömleğineto your shirt | gömleğindein / at your shirt | gömleğindenfrom your shirt |
| onunhis/her/its | gömleğihis/her shirt | gömleğinihis/her shirt (object) | gömleğineto his/her shirt | gömleğindein / at his/her shirt | gömleğindenfrom his/her shirt |
| bizimour | gömleğimizour shirt | gömleğimiziour shirt (object) | gömleğimizeto our shirt | gömleğimizdein / at our shirt | gömleğimizdenfrom our shirt |
| sizinyour (pl.) | gömleğinizyour (pl.) shirt | gömleğiniziyour (pl.) shirt (object) | gömleğinizeto your (pl.) shirt | gömleğinizdein / at your (pl.) shirt | gömleğinizdenfrom your (pl.) shirt |
| onlarıntheir | gömlekleritheir shirts | gömleklerinitheir shirts (object) | gömleklerineto their shirts | gömleklerindein / at their shirts | gömleklerindenfrom their shirts |
Plural + possessive: gömleklerim (my shirts) · gömleklerin (your shirts) · gömlekleri (his/her shirts) · gömleklerimiz (our shirts) · gömlekleriniz (your (pl.) shirts) · gömlekleri (their shirts)
Gömlek in example sentences
Watch out with gömlek
- Softening before vowels. Final k softens before a vowel: gömleği, gömleğe, gömleğim (not
*gömleki). Before a consonant it stays hard: gömlekte, gömlekler. Rule → - Locative with t, not d. After a voiceless consonant the locative and ablative start with t: gömlekte, gömlekten (not
*gömlekde). Rule → - Two meanings of gömleğin. gömleğin is both "of the shirt" (genitive) and "your shirt" (possessive). gömleği is likewise both the object form and "his/her shirt". Rule →
Related nouns and resources
Related nouns: clothes
Other nouns that soften
Questions about gömlek
What is the plural of gömlek?
The plural of gömlek ("shirt") is gömlekler. The plural suffix follows 2-way vowel harmony: the last vowel of gömlek is e, a front vowel, so it takes -ler. The plural then takes case endings: gömlekleri, gömleklerde, gömleklerden.
How do you say "to the shirt" in Turkish?
"To the shirt" is gömleğe, the dative case (-e). Similarly, "in / at the shirt" is gömlekte (locative) and "from the shirt" is gömlekten (ablative).
Why does gömlek become gömleği?
Final p, ç, t and k soften to b, c, d and ğ (g after n) when a vowel follows. Gömlek follows this rule, so the accusative is gömleği and "my shirt" is gömleğim. Before a consonant the hard letter stays: gömlekte, gömlekler.
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