Hesap Declension: Turkish Cases of 'bill'
hesap means “bill, account”. Its last vowel is a, so 2-way suffixes use a (hesaplar) and 4-way suffixes use ı (hesabın). Its final p softens to b before a vowel (hesabı, hesaba) but stays hard before a consonant (hesapta).
Quick facts
- Plural
- hesaplar
- bills
- Harmony
- Back unrounded
- suffix vowels a / ı
- Ends in
- a consonant
- suffixes attach directly
- Object form
- hesabı
- accusative, “the bill”
Rules this noun follows
- Consonant softening — A final p, ç, t, k softens to b, c, d, ğ before a vowel.hesabı, hesaba, hesabım
- Consonant hardening — After f, s, t, k, ç, ş, h, p a suffix-initial d becomes t (and c becomes ç).hesapta, hesaptan
- Linking vowel — A harmonised vowel is inserted after a consonant (kitab-ı-m).hesabım, hesabın
- Pronominal n — After a 3rd-person possessive, case suffixes take n (arabası-n-ı, evi-n-de).hesabını, hesabında
Hesap in all seven cases
The added suffix is highlighted. Plural forms put -lar before the case ending.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| NominativeYalın hâl · no ending | hesapbill | hesaplarbills |
| AccusativeBelirtme hâli · -(y)I | hesabıthe bill (object) | hesaplarıthe bills (object) |
| DativeYönelme hâli · -(y)A | hesabato the bill | hesaplarato the bills |
| LocativeBulunma hâli · -DA | hesaptain / at the bill | hesaplardain / at the bills |
| AblativeAyrılma hâli · -DAn | hesaptanfrom the bill | hesaplardanfrom the bills |
| Genitiveİlgi hâli · -(n)In | hesabınthe bill's / of the bill | hesaplarınthe bills's / of the bills |
| InstrumentalVasıta hâli · -(y)lA | hesaplawith the bill | hesaplarlawith the bills |
Possessive forms: “my bill”, “your bill”…
The possessive suffix comes first, then the case. After the 3rd-person forms a case ending takes an extra n (hesabında). See possessive suffixes.
| Owner | Nominative | Accusative | Dative | Locative | Ablative |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| benimmy | hesabımmy bill | hesabımımy bill (object) | hesabımato my bill | hesabımdain / at my bill | hesabımdanfrom my bill |
| seninyour | hesabınyour bill | hesabınıyour bill (object) | hesabınato your bill | hesabındain / at your bill | hesabındanfrom your bill |
| onunhis/her/its | hesabıhis/her bill | hesabınıhis/her bill (object) | hesabınato his/her bill | hesabındain / at his/her bill | hesabındanfrom his/her bill |
| bizimour | hesabımızour bill | hesabımızıour bill (object) | hesabımızato our bill | hesabımızdain / at our bill | hesabımızdanfrom our bill |
| sizinyour (pl.) | hesabınızyour (pl.) bill | hesabınızıyour (pl.) bill (object) | hesabınızato your (pl.) bill | hesabınızdain / at your (pl.) bill | hesabınızdanfrom your (pl.) bill |
| onlarıntheir | hesaplarıtheir bills | hesaplarınıtheir bills (object) | hesaplarınato their bills | hesaplarındain / at their bills | hesaplarındanfrom their bills |
Plural + possessive: hesaplarım (my bills) · hesapların (your bills) · hesapları (his/her bills) · hesaplarımız (our bills) · hesaplarınız (your (pl.) bills) · hesapları (their bills)
Hesap in example sentences
Watch out with hesap
- Softening before vowels. Final p softens before a vowel: hesabı, hesaba, hesabım (not
*hesapı). Before a consonant it stays hard: hesapta, hesaplar. Rule → - Locative with t, not d. After a voiceless consonant the locative and ablative start with t: hesapta, hesaptan (not
*hesapda). Rule → - Two meanings of hesabın. hesabın is both "of the bill" (genitive) and "your bill" (possessive). hesabı is likewise both the object form and "his/her bill". Rule →
Related nouns and resources
Related nouns: work & money
- fiyat price
- iş work
- mesaj message
- yardım help
- haber news
- meslek profession
- plan plan
- sorun problem
- şirket company
- toplantı meeting
Other nouns that soften
Questions about hesap
What is the plural of hesap?
The plural of hesap ("bill") is hesaplar. The plural suffix follows 2-way vowel harmony: the last vowel of hesap is a, a back vowel, so it takes -lar. The plural then takes case endings: hesapları, hesaplarda, hesaplardan.
How do you say "to the bill" in Turkish?
"To the bill" is hesaba, the dative case (-a). Similarly, "in / at the bill" is hesapta (locative) and "from the bill" is hesaptan (ablative).
Why does hesap become hesabı?
Final p, ç, t and k soften to b, c, d and ğ (g after n) when a vowel follows. Hesap follows this rule, so the accusative is hesabı and "my bill" is hesabım. Before a consonant the hard letter stays: hesapta, hesaplar.
Drill Turkish noun cases in the TurkLogic app
Turn forms like hesabı, hesaba and hesabım into quick quizzes with audio and spaced repetition.
Free Download • In-App Purchases