Koltuk Declension: Turkish Cases of 'armchair'
koltuk means “armchair, seat”. Its last vowel is u, so 2-way suffixes use a (koltuklar) and 4-way suffixes use u (koltuğun). Its final k softens to ğ before a vowel (koltuğu, koltuğa) but stays hard before a consonant (koltukta).
Quick facts
- Plural
- koltuklar
- armchairs
- Harmony
- Back rounded
- suffix vowels a / u
- Ends in
- a consonant
- suffixes attach directly
- Object form
- koltuğu
- accusative, “the armchair”
Rules this noun follows
- Consonant softening — A final p, ç, t, k softens to b, c, d, ğ before a vowel.koltuğu, koltuğa, koltuğum
- Consonant hardening — After f, s, t, k, ç, ş, h, p a suffix-initial d becomes t (and c becomes ç).koltukta, koltuktan
- Linking vowel — A harmonised vowel is inserted after a consonant (kitab-ı-m).koltuğum, koltuğun
- Pronominal n — After a 3rd-person possessive, case suffixes take n (arabası-n-ı, evi-n-de).koltuğunu, koltuğunda
Koltuk in all seven cases
The added suffix is highlighted. Plural forms put -lar before the case ending.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| NominativeYalın hâl · no ending | koltukarmchair | koltuklararmchairs |
| AccusativeBelirtme hâli · -(y)I | koltuğuthe armchair (object) | koltuklarıthe armchairs (object) |
| DativeYönelme hâli · -(y)A | koltuğato the armchair | koltuklarato the armchairs |
| LocativeBulunma hâli · -DA | koltuktain / at the armchair | koltuklardain / at the armchairs |
| AblativeAyrılma hâli · -DAn | koltuktanfrom the armchair | koltuklardanfrom the armchairs |
| Genitiveİlgi hâli · -(n)In | koltuğunthe armchair's / of the armchair | koltuklarınthe armchairs's / of the armchairs |
| InstrumentalVasıta hâli · -(y)lA | koltuklawith the armchair | koltuklarlawith the armchairs |
Possessive forms: “my armchair”, “your armchair”…
The possessive suffix comes first, then the case. After the 3rd-person forms a case ending takes an extra n (koltuğunda). See possessive suffixes.
| Owner | Nominative | Accusative | Dative | Locative | Ablative |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| benimmy | koltuğummy armchair | koltuğumumy armchair (object) | koltuğumato my armchair | koltuğumdain / at my armchair | koltuğumdanfrom my armchair |
| seninyour | koltuğunyour armchair | koltuğunuyour armchair (object) | koltuğunato your armchair | koltuğundain / at your armchair | koltuğundanfrom your armchair |
| onunhis/her/its | koltuğuhis/her armchair | koltuğunuhis/her armchair (object) | koltuğunato his/her armchair | koltuğundain / at his/her armchair | koltuğundanfrom his/her armchair |
| bizimour | koltuğumuzour armchair | koltuğumuzuour armchair (object) | koltuğumuzato our armchair | koltuğumuzdain / at our armchair | koltuğumuzdanfrom our armchair |
| sizinyour (pl.) | koltuğunuzyour (pl.) armchair | koltuğunuzuyour (pl.) armchair (object) | koltuğunuzato your (pl.) armchair | koltuğunuzdain / at your (pl.) armchair | koltuğunuzdanfrom your (pl.) armchair |
| onlarıntheir | koltuklarıtheir armchairs | koltuklarınıtheir armchairs (object) | koltuklarınato their armchairs | koltuklarındain / at their armchairs | koltuklarındanfrom their armchairs |
Plural + possessive: koltuklarım (my armchairs) · koltukların (your armchairs) · koltukları (his/her armchairs) · koltuklarımız (our armchairs) · koltuklarınız (your (pl.) armchairs) · koltukları (their armchairs)
Koltuk in example sentences
Babam koltuğa uzanmış, televizyon izliyor.
My father is stretched out on the sofa watching TV.
Dative caseLütfen koltuğunuzu dik konuma getirin.
Please return your seat to the upright position.
Accusative case
Watch out with koltuk
- Softening before vowels. Final k softens before a vowel: koltuğu, koltuğa, koltuğum (not
*koltuku). Before a consonant it stays hard: koltukta, koltuklar. Rule → - Locative with t, not d. After a voiceless consonant the locative and ablative start with t: koltukta, koltuktan (not
*koltukda). Rule → - Two meanings of koltuğun. koltuğun is both "of the armchair" (genitive) and "your armchair" (possessive). koltuğu is likewise both the object form and "his/her armchair". Rule →
Related nouns and resources
Related nouns: home & furniture
- ayna mirror
- duvar wall
- halı carpet
- lamba lamp
- anahtar key
- bahçe garden
- banyo bathroom
- dolap cupboard
- ev house
- kapı door
Other nouns that soften
Questions about koltuk
What is the plural of koltuk?
The plural of koltuk ("armchair") is koltuklar. The plural suffix follows 2-way vowel harmony: the last vowel of koltuk is u, a back vowel, so it takes -lar. The plural then takes case endings: koltukları, koltuklarda, koltuklardan.
How do you say "to the armchair" in Turkish?
"To the armchair" is koltuğa, the dative case (-a). Similarly, "in / at the armchair" is koltukta (locative) and "from the armchair" is koltuktan (ablative).
Why does koltuk become koltuğu?
Final p, ç, t and k soften to b, c, d and ğ (g after n) when a vowel follows. Koltuk follows this rule, so the accusative is koltuğu and "my armchair" is koltuğum. Before a consonant the hard letter stays: koltukta, koltuklar.
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