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Baş Declension: Turkish Cases of 'head'

baş means “head”. Its last vowel is a, so 2-way suffixes use a (başlar) and 4-way suffixes use ı (başın). It is a regular noun: suffixes attach directly to baş, as in başı and başta.

Quick facts

Plural
başlar
heads
Harmony
Back unrounded
suffix vowels a / ı
Ends in
a consonant
suffixes attach directly
Object form
başı
accusative, “the head”

Rules this noun follows

  • Consonant hardening — After f, s, t, k, ç, ş, h, p a suffix-initial d becomes t (and c becomes ç).başta, baştan
  • Linking vowel — A harmonised vowel is inserted after a consonant (kitab-ı-m).başım, başın
  • Pronominal n — After a 3rd-person possessive, case suffixes take n (arabası-n-ı, evi-n-de).başını, başında

Baş in all seven cases

The added suffix is highlighted. Plural forms put -lar before the case ending.

CaseSingularPlural
NominativeYalın hâl · no endingbaşheadbaşlarheads
AccusativeBelirtme hâli · -(y)Ibaşıthe head (object)başlarıthe heads (object)
DativeYönelme hâli · -(y)Abaşato the headbaşlarato the heads
LocativeBulunma hâli · -DAbaştain / at the headbaşlardain / at the heads
AblativeAyrılma hâli · -DAnbaştanfrom the headbaşlardanfrom the heads
Genitiveİlgi hâli · -(n)Inbaşınthe head's / of the headbaşlarınthe heads's / of the heads
InstrumentalVasıta hâli · -(y)lAbaşlawith the headbaşlarlawith the heads

Possessive forms: “my head”, “your head”…

The possessive suffix comes first, then the case. After the 3rd-person forms a case ending takes an extra n (başında). See possessive suffixes.

OwnerNominativeAccusativeDativeLocativeAblative
benimmybaşımmy headbaşımımy head (object)başımato my headbaşımdain / at my headbaşımdanfrom my head
seninyourbaşınyour headbaşınıyour head (object)başınato your headbaşındain / at your headbaşındanfrom your head
onunhis/her/itsbaşıhis/her headbaşınıhis/her head (object)başınato his/her headbaşındain / at his/her headbaşındanfrom his/her head
bizimourbaşımızour headbaşımızıour head (object)başımızato our headbaşımızdain / at our headbaşımızdanfrom our head
sizinyour (pl.)başınızyour (pl.) headbaşınızıyour (pl.) head (object)başınızato your (pl.) headbaşınızdain / at your (pl.) headbaşınızdanfrom your (pl.) head
onlarıntheirbaşlarıtheir headsbaşlarınıtheir heads (object)başlarınato their headsbaşlarındain / at their headsbaşlarındanfrom their heads

Plural + possessive: başlarım (my heads) · başların (your heads) · başları (his/her heads) · başlarımız (our heads) · başlarınız (your (pl.) heads) · başları (their heads)

Baş in example sentences

  • Başında kırmızı bir şapka vardı.

    She had a red hat on her head.

    Locative case
  • Başım çok ağrıyor.

    I have a bad headache.

    Nominative case
  • Filmi baştan izleyelim.

    Let's watch the film from the beginning.

    Ablative case

Watch out with baş

  • Locative with t, not d. After a voiceless consonant the locative and ablative start with t: başta, baştan (not *başda). Rule →
  • Two meanings of başın. başın is both "of the head" (genitive) and "your head" (possessive). başı is likewise both the object form and "his/her head". Rule →

Related nouns and resources

Questions about baş

What is the plural of baş?

The plural of baş ("head") is başlar. The plural suffix follows 2-way vowel harmony: the last vowel of baş is a, a back vowel, so it takes -lar. The plural then takes case endings: başları, başlarda, başlardan.

How do you say "to the head" in Turkish?

"To the head" is başa, the dative case (-a). Similarly, "in / at the head" is başta (locative) and "from the head" is baştan (ablative).

How do you say "my head" in Turkish?

"My head" is başım (often with the pronoun: benim başım). "Your head" is başın, "his/her head" is başı and "my heads" is başlarım.

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