Kış Declension: Turkish Cases of 'winter'
kış means “winter”. Its last vowel is ı, so 2-way suffixes use a (kışlar) and 4-way suffixes use ı (kışın). It is a regular noun: suffixes attach directly to kış, as in kışı and kışta.
Quick facts
- Plural
- kışlar
- winters
- Harmony
- Back unrounded
- suffix vowels a / ı
- Ends in
- a consonant
- suffixes attach directly
- Object form
- kışı
- accusative, “the winter”
Rules this noun follows
- Consonant hardening — After f, s, t, k, ç, ş, h, p a suffix-initial d becomes t (and c becomes ç).kışta, kıştan
- Linking vowel — A harmonised vowel is inserted after a consonant (kitab-ı-m).kışım, kışın
- Pronominal n — After a 3rd-person possessive, case suffixes take n (arabası-n-ı, evi-n-de).kışını, kışında
Kış in all seven cases
The added suffix is highlighted. Plural forms put -lar before the case ending.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| NominativeYalın hâl · no ending | kışwinter | kışlarwinters |
| AccusativeBelirtme hâli · -(y)I | kışıthe winter (object) | kışlarıthe winters (object) |
| DativeYönelme hâli · -(y)A | kışato the winter | kışlarato the winters |
| LocativeBulunma hâli · -DA | kıştain / at the winter | kışlardain / at the winters |
| AblativeAyrılma hâli · -DAn | kıştanfrom the winter | kışlardanfrom the winters |
| Genitiveİlgi hâli · -(n)In | kışınthe winter's / of the winter | kışlarınthe winters's / of the winters |
| InstrumentalVasıta hâli · -(y)lA | kışlawith the winter | kışlarlawith the winters |
Possessive forms: “my winter”, “your winter”…
The possessive suffix comes first, then the case. After the 3rd-person forms a case ending takes an extra n (kışında). See possessive suffixes.
| Owner | Nominative | Accusative | Dative | Locative | Ablative |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| benimmy | kışımmy winter | kışımımy winter (object) | kışımato my winter | kışımdain / at my winter | kışımdanfrom my winter |
| seninyour | kışınyour winter | kışınıyour winter (object) | kışınato your winter | kışındain / at your winter | kışındanfrom your winter |
| onunhis/her/its | kışıhis/her winter | kışınıhis/her winter (object) | kışınato his/her winter | kışındain / at his/her winter | kışındanfrom his/her winter |
| bizimour | kışımızour winter | kışımızıour winter (object) | kışımızato our winter | kışımızdain / at our winter | kışımızdanfrom our winter |
| sizinyour (pl.) | kışınızyour (pl.) winter | kışınızıyour (pl.) winter (object) | kışınızato your (pl.) winter | kışınızdain / at your (pl.) winter | kışınızdanfrom your (pl.) winter |
| onlarıntheir | kışlarıtheir winters | kışlarınıtheir winters (object) | kışlarınato their winters | kışlarındain / at their winters | kışlarındanfrom their winters |
Plural + possessive: kışlarım (my winters) · kışların (your winters) · kışları (his/her winters) · kışlarımız (our winters) · kışlarınız (your (pl.) winters) · kışları (their winters)
Kış in example sentences
Watch out with kış
- Adverb form. kışın on its own is the adverb "in winter": Kışın çok kar yağar.
- Locative with t, not d. After a voiceless consonant the locative and ablative start with t: kışta, kıştan (not
*kışda). Rule → - Two meanings of kışın. kışın is both "of the winter" (genitive) and "your winter" (possessive). kışı is likewise both the object form and "his/her winter". Rule →
Related nouns and resources
Related nouns: time & calendar
- akşam evening
- ay month
- dakika minute
- gece night
- gün day
- hafta week
- saat hour
- sabah morning
- tatil holiday
- yaz summer
Other back-vowel A1 nouns
Questions about kış
What is the plural of kış?
The plural of kış ("winter") is kışlar. The plural suffix follows 2-way vowel harmony: the last vowel of kış is ı, a back vowel, so it takes -lar. The plural then takes case endings: kışları, kışlarda, kışlardan.
How do you say "to the winter" in Turkish?
"To the winter" is kışa, the dative case (-a). Similarly, "in / at the winter" is kışta (locative) and "from the winter" is kıştan (ablative).
How do you say "my winter" in Turkish?
"My winter" is kışım (often with the pronoun: benim kışım). "Your winter" is kışın, "his/her winter" is kışı and "my winters" is kışlarım.
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