Hukuk Declension: Turkish Cases of 'law'
hukuk means “law”. Its last vowel is u, so 2-way suffixes use a (hukuklar) and 4-way suffixes use u (hukukun). It is a regular noun: suffixes attach directly to hukuk, as in hukuku and hukukta.
Quick facts
- Plural
- hukuklar
- law
- Harmony
- Back rounded
- suffix vowels a / u
- Ends in
- a consonant
- suffixes attach directly
- Object form
- hukuku
- accusative, “the law”
Rules this noun follows
- Consonant hardening — After f, s, t, k, ç, ş, h, p a suffix-initial d becomes t (and c becomes ç).hukukta, hukuktan
- Linking vowel — A harmonised vowel is inserted after a consonant (kitab-ı-m).hukukum, hukukun
- Pronominal n — After a 3rd-person possessive, case suffixes take n (arabası-n-ı, evi-n-de).hukukunu, hukukunda
Hukuk in all seven cases
The added suffix is highlighted. Plural forms put -lar before the case ending.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| NominativeYalın hâl · no ending | hukuklaw | hukuklarlaw |
| AccusativeBelirtme hâli · -(y)I | hukukuthe law (object) | hukuklarıthe law (object) |
| DativeYönelme hâli · -(y)A | hukukato the law | hukuklarato the law |
| LocativeBulunma hâli · -DA | hukuktain / at the law | hukuklardain / at the law |
| AblativeAyrılma hâli · -DAn | hukuktanfrom the law | hukuklardanfrom the law |
| Genitiveİlgi hâli · -(n)In | hukukunthe law's / of the law | hukuklarınthe law's / of the law |
| InstrumentalVasıta hâli · -(y)lA | hukuklawith the law | hukuklarlawith the law |
Possessive forms: “my law”, “your law”…
The possessive suffix comes first, then the case. After the 3rd-person forms a case ending takes an extra n (hukukunda). See possessive suffixes.
| Owner | Nominative | Accusative | Dative | Locative | Ablative |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| benimmy | hukukummy law | hukukumumy law (object) | hukukumato my law | hukukumdain / at my law | hukukumdanfrom my law |
| seninyour | hukukunyour law | hukukunuyour law (object) | hukukunato your law | hukukundain / at your law | hukukundanfrom your law |
| onunhis/her/its | hukukuhis/her law | hukukunuhis/her law (object) | hukukunato his/her law | hukukundain / at his/her law | hukukundanfrom his/her law |
| bizimour | hukukumuzour law | hukukumuzuour law (object) | hukukumuzato our law | hukukumuzdain / at our law | hukukumuzdanfrom our law |
| sizinyour (pl.) | hukukunuzyour (pl.) law | hukukunuzuyour (pl.) law (object) | hukukunuzato your (pl.) law | hukukunuzdain / at your (pl.) law | hukukunuzdanfrom your (pl.) law |
| onlarıntheir | hukuklarıtheir law | hukuklarınıtheir law (object) | hukuklarınato their law | hukuklarındain / at their law | hukuklarındanfrom their law |
Plural + possessive: hukuklarım (my law) · hukukların (your law) · hukukları (his/her law) · hukuklarımız (our law) · hukuklarınız (your (pl.) law) · hukukları (their law)
Hukuk in example sentences
Hukukun temel kavramlarını ilk yıl öğreniyoruz.
We learn the basic concepts of law in the first year.
Genitive case
Watch out with hukuk
- This k does not soften. Unlike kitap → kitabı, hukuk keeps its k: hukuku, hukuka (not
*hukuğu). Loanwords and some native words are exceptions to the softening rule, so learn them as you meet them. Rule → - Locative with t, not d. After a voiceless consonant the locative and ablative start with t: hukukta, hukuktan (not
*hukukda). Rule → - Two meanings of hukukun. hukukun is both "of the law" (genitive) and "your law" (possessive). hukuku is likewise both the object form and "his/her law". Rule →
Related nouns and resources
Related nouns: society & health
Questions about hukuk
What is the plural of hukuk?
The plural of hukuk ("law") is hukuklar. The plural suffix follows 2-way vowel harmony: the last vowel of hukuk is u, a back vowel, so it takes -lar. The plural then takes case endings: hukukları, hukuklarda, hukuklardan.
How do you say "to the law" in Turkish?
"To the law" is hukuka, the dative case (-a). Similarly, "in / at the law" is hukukta (locative) and "from the law" is hukuktan (ablative).
How do you say "my law" in Turkish?
"My law" is hukukum (often with the pronoun: benim hukukum). "Your law" is hukukun, "his/her law" is hukuku and "my law" is hukuklarım.
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