Özgürlük Declension: Turkish Cases of 'freedom'
özgürlük means “freedom”. Its last vowel is ü, so 2-way suffixes use e (özgürlükler) and 4-way suffixes use ü (özgürlüğün). Its final k softens to ğ before a vowel (özgürlüğü, özgürlüğe) but stays hard before a consonant (özgürlükte).
Quick facts
- Plural
- özgürlükler
- freedoms
- Harmony
- Front rounded
- suffix vowels e / ü
- Ends in
- a consonant
- suffixes attach directly
- Object form
- özgürlüğü
- accusative, “the freedom”
Rules this noun follows
- Consonant softening — A final p, ç, t, k softens to b, c, d, ğ before a vowel.özgürlüğü, özgürlüğe, özgürlüğüm
- Consonant hardening — After f, s, t, k, ç, ş, h, p a suffix-initial d becomes t (and c becomes ç).özgürlükte, özgürlükten
- Linking vowel — A harmonised vowel is inserted after a consonant (kitab-ı-m).özgürlüğüm, özgürlüğün
- Pronominal n — After a 3rd-person possessive, case suffixes take n (arabası-n-ı, evi-n-de).özgürlüğünü, özgürlüğünde
Özgürlük in all seven cases
The added suffix is highlighted. Plural forms put -ler before the case ending.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| NominativeYalın hâl · no ending | özgürlükfreedom | özgürlüklerfreedoms |
| AccusativeBelirtme hâli · -(y)I | özgürlüğüthe freedom (object) | özgürlüklerithe freedoms (object) |
| DativeYönelme hâli · -(y)A | özgürlüğeto the freedom | özgürlüklereto the freedoms |
| LocativeBulunma hâli · -DA | özgürlüktein / at the freedom | özgürlüklerdein / at the freedoms |
| AblativeAyrılma hâli · -DAn | özgürlüktenfrom the freedom | özgürlüklerdenfrom the freedoms |
| Genitiveİlgi hâli · -(n)In | özgürlüğünthe freedom's / of the freedom | özgürlüklerinthe freedoms's / of the freedoms |
| InstrumentalVasıta hâli · -(y)lA | özgürlüklewith the freedom | özgürlüklerlewith the freedoms |
Possessive forms: “my freedom”, “your freedom”…
The possessive suffix comes first, then the case. After the 3rd-person forms a case ending takes an extra n (özgürlüğünde). See possessive suffixes.
| Owner | Nominative | Accusative | Dative | Locative | Ablative |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| benimmy | özgürlüğümmy freedom | özgürlüğümümy freedom (object) | özgürlüğümeto my freedom | özgürlüğümdein / at my freedom | özgürlüğümdenfrom my freedom |
| seninyour | özgürlüğünyour freedom | özgürlüğünüyour freedom (object) | özgürlüğüneto your freedom | özgürlüğündein / at your freedom | özgürlüğündenfrom your freedom |
| onunhis/her/its | özgürlüğühis/her freedom | özgürlüğünühis/her freedom (object) | özgürlüğüneto his/her freedom | özgürlüğündein / at his/her freedom | özgürlüğündenfrom his/her freedom |
| bizimour | özgürlüğümüzour freedom | özgürlüğümüzüour freedom (object) | özgürlüğümüzeto our freedom | özgürlüğümüzdein / at our freedom | özgürlüğümüzdenfrom our freedom |
| sizinyour (pl.) | özgürlüğünüzyour (pl.) freedom | özgürlüğünüzüyour (pl.) freedom (object) | özgürlüğünüzeto your (pl.) freedom | özgürlüğünüzdein / at your (pl.) freedom | özgürlüğünüzdenfrom your (pl.) freedom |
| onlarıntheir | özgürlükleritheir freedoms | özgürlüklerinitheir freedoms (object) | özgürlüklerineto their freedoms | özgürlüklerindein / at their freedoms | özgürlüklerindenfrom their freedoms |
Plural + possessive: özgürlüklerim (my freedoms) · özgürlüklerin (your freedoms) · özgürlükleri (his/her freedoms) · özgürlüklerimiz (our freedoms) · özgürlükleriniz (your (pl.) freedoms) · özgürlükleri (their freedoms)
Özgürlük in example sentences
Kuş kafesten çıkınca özgürlüğünü kazandı.
When the bird left the cage, it won its freedom.
Accusative case
Watch out with özgürlük
- Softening before vowels. Final k softens before a vowel: özgürlüğü, özgürlüğe, özgürlüğüm (not
*özgürlükü). Before a consonant it stays hard: özgürlükte, özgürlükler. Rule → - Locative with t, not d. After a voiceless consonant the locative and ablative start with t: özgürlükte, özgürlükten (not
*özgürlükde). Rule → - Two meanings of özgürlüğün. özgürlüğün is both "of the freedom" (genitive) and "your freedom" (possessive). özgürlüğü is likewise both the object form and "his/her freedom". Rule →
Related nouns and resources
Related nouns: society & health
- barış peace
- devlet state
- hak right
- hastalık illness
- kayıp loss
- millet nation
- suç fault
- hukuk law
- sağlık health
Other nouns that soften
Questions about özgürlük
What is the plural of özgürlük?
The plural of özgürlük ("freedom") is özgürlükler. The plural suffix follows 2-way vowel harmony: the last vowel of özgürlük is ü, a front vowel, so it takes -ler. The plural then takes case endings: özgürlükleri, özgürlüklerde, özgürlüklerden.
How do you say "to the freedom" in Turkish?
"To the freedom" is özgürlüğe, the dative case (-e). Similarly, "in / at the freedom" is özgürlükte (locative) and "from the freedom" is özgürlükten (ablative).
Why does özgürlük become özgürlüğü?
Final p, ç, t and k soften to b, c, d and ğ (g after n) when a vowel follows. Özgürlük follows this rule, so the accusative is özgürlüğü and "my freedom" is özgürlüğüm. Before a consonant the hard letter stays: özgürlükte, özgürlükler.
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