Umut Declension: Turkish Cases of 'hope'
umut means “hope”. Its last vowel is u, so 2-way suffixes use a (umutlar) and 4-way suffixes use u (umudun). Its final t softens to d before a vowel (umudu, umuda) but stays hard before a consonant (umutta).
Quick facts
- Plural
- umutlar
- hopes
- Harmony
- Back rounded
- suffix vowels a / u
- Ends in
- a consonant
- suffixes attach directly
- Object form
- umudu
- accusative, “the hope”
Rules this noun follows
- Consonant softening — A final p, ç, t, k softens to b, c, d, ğ before a vowel.umudu, umuda, umudum
- Consonant hardening — After f, s, t, k, ç, ş, h, p a suffix-initial d becomes t (and c becomes ç).umutta, umuttan
- Linking vowel — A harmonised vowel is inserted after a consonant (kitab-ı-m).umudum, umudun
- Pronominal n — After a 3rd-person possessive, case suffixes take n (arabası-n-ı, evi-n-de).umudunu, umudunda
Umut in all seven cases
The added suffix is highlighted. Plural forms put -lar before the case ending.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| NominativeYalın hâl · no ending | umuthope | umutlarhopes |
| AccusativeBelirtme hâli · -(y)I | umuduthe hope (object) | umutlarıthe hopes (object) |
| DativeYönelme hâli · -(y)A | umudato the hope | umutlarato the hopes |
| LocativeBulunma hâli · -DA | umuttain / at the hope | umutlardain / at the hopes |
| AblativeAyrılma hâli · -DAn | umuttanfrom the hope | umutlardanfrom the hopes |
| Genitiveİlgi hâli · -(n)In | umudunthe hope's / of the hope | umutlarınthe hopes's / of the hopes |
| InstrumentalVasıta hâli · -(y)lA | umutlawith the hope | umutlarlawith the hopes |
Possessive forms: “my hope”, “your hope”…
The possessive suffix comes first, then the case. After the 3rd-person forms a case ending takes an extra n (umudunda). See possessive suffixes.
| Owner | Nominative | Accusative | Dative | Locative | Ablative |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| benimmy | umudummy hope | umudumumy hope (object) | umudumato my hope | umudumdain / at my hope | umudumdanfrom my hope |
| seninyour | umudunyour hope | umudunuyour hope (object) | umudunato your hope | umudundain / at your hope | umudundanfrom your hope |
| onunhis/her/its | umuduhis/her hope | umudunuhis/her hope (object) | umudunato his/her hope | umudundain / at his/her hope | umudundanfrom his/her hope |
| bizimour | umudumuzour hope | umudumuzuour hope (object) | umudumuzato our hope | umudumuzdain / at our hope | umudumuzdanfrom our hope |
| sizinyour (pl.) | umudunuzyour (pl.) hope | umudunuzuyour (pl.) hope (object) | umudunuzato your (pl.) hope | umudunuzdain / at your (pl.) hope | umudunuzdanfrom your (pl.) hope |
| onlarıntheir | umutlarıtheir hopes | umutlarınıtheir hopes (object) | umutlarınato their hopes | umutlarındain / at their hopes | umutlarındanfrom their hopes |
Plural + possessive: umutlarım (my hopes) · umutların (your hopes) · umutları (his/her hopes) · umutlarımız (our hopes) · umutlarınız (your (pl.) hopes) · umutları (their hopes)
Umut in example sentences
Watch out with umut
- Softening before vowels. Final t softens before a vowel: umudu, umuda, umudum (not
*umutu). Before a consonant it stays hard: umutta, umutlar. Rule → - Locative with t, not d. After a voiceless consonant the locative and ablative start with t: umutta, umuttan (not
*umutda). Rule → - Two meanings of umudun. umudun is both "of the hope" (genitive) and "your hope" (possessive). umudu is likewise both the object form and "his/her hope". Rule →
Related nouns and resources
Related nouns: feelings & the mind
- akıl mind
- dert trouble
- dikkat attention
- düşünce thought
- hayal dream
- his feeling
- keyif pleasure
- merak curiosity
- mutluluk happiness
- sabır patience
Other nouns that soften
Questions about umut
What is the plural of umut?
The plural of umut ("hope") is umutlar. The plural suffix follows 2-way vowel harmony: the last vowel of umut is u, a back vowel, so it takes -lar. The plural then takes case endings: umutları, umutlarda, umutlardan.
How do you say "to the hope" in Turkish?
"To the hope" is umuda, the dative case (-a). Similarly, "in / at the hope" is umutta (locative) and "from the hope" is umuttan (ablative).
Why does umut become umudu?
Final p, ç, t and k soften to b, c, d and ğ (g after n) when a vowel follows. Umut follows this rule, so the accusative is umudu and "my hope" is umudum. Before a consonant the hard letter stays: umutta, umutlar.
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